down

down¹ W1S1 [daun] adv, prep, adj

▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

1¦(to a lower position)¦

2¦(in a lower place)¦

3¦(to lie/sit)¦

4¦(along)¦

5¦(south)¦

6¦(somewhere local)¦

7¦(river)¦

8¦(fastened to a surface)¦

9¦(less)¦

10¦(losing)¦

11¦(written)¦

12¦(on a list)¦

13¦(to later times)¦

14¦(paid immediately)¦

15¦(every part)¦

16¦(swallowed)¦

17¦(sad)¦

18¦(computer)¦

19 be down to somebody

20 be down to somebody/something

21 be down to your last pound/dollar/litre etc

22 down to something/somebody

23 be/go down with something

24 Down with somebody/something

25 be down on somebody/something

26¦(leaving university)¦

27¦(completed)¦

28 down under

29 Down!

30 be down with somebody

▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

1.) ¦(TO A LOWER POSITION)¦

to or towards a lower place or position

≠ ↑up

▪ David bent down to tie his shoelace.

▪ Get down off the table.

▪ Tears were streaming down my face.

▪ The sun was going down and it would soon be dark.

▪ They came running down the stairs.

▪ She stood on a balcony looking down into the courtyard.

▪ Glancing down the list of runners, I noticed a familiar name.

▪ Her flowing black hair came down to her waist.

▪ Ken fell asleep face down (=with his face towards the ground) on the couch.

2.) ¦(IN A LOWER PLACE)¦

in a lower place or position

≠ ↑up

▪ We heard the sound of laughter down below.

▪ The bathroom is down those stairs.

▪ Halfway down the page, there was the item I was looking for.

3.) ¦(TO LIE/SIT)¦

into a sitting or lying position

▪ Please sit down.

▪ I think I'll go and lie down for a while.

4.) ¦(ALONG)¦

at or to a place that is further along something such as a road or path

▪ A young man came hurrying down the street.

▪ She looked down the road to see if anyone was coming.

▪ There is a pleasant little cafe bar a hundred yards down the road.

▪ The bus stop is a bit further down on the left-hand side.

5.) ¦(SOUTH)¦

in or towards the south

≠ ↑up

▪ They drove all the way down from Boston to Miami.

▪ They sailed down the east coast of Africa.

▪ Now he's bought a villa down south.

▪ a trip down Mexico way

6.) ¦(SOMEWHERE LOCAL)¦

at or to a place that is not far away

▪ She's just gone down to the shops.

▪ I saw her down at the station this morning.

7.) ¦(RIVER)¦

away from the place where a river starts

≠ ↑up

▪ Chunks of ice came floating down the river.

8.) ¦(FASTENED TO A SURFACE)¦

used with verbs that mean 'fasten' to show that something is fastened firmly to the surface or object below it

▪ The coffin lid had been nailed down.

9.) ¦(LESS)¦

at or towards a level or amount that is less

≠ ↑up

▪ Keep your speed down.

▪ House prices have come down in recent months.

▪ Turn the radio down.

down to

▪ Sharif cut his report down to only three pages.

10.)¦(LOSING)¦

losing to an opponent by a certain number of points

two goals down/three points down etc

▪ Swindon were six points down at one stage.

11.) ¦(WRITTEN)¦

used with verbs that mean 'write' to show that you write something on paper or in a book

▪ I'll write down the address for you.

▪ Start by jotting down a few ideas.

▪ Let's put you down as self-employed.

12.) ¦(ON A LIST)¦

if you are down for something, your name is on a list of people who want to do something or are intended to do something

down for

▪ Purvis is down for the 200 metre freestyle event.

▪ We've already put his name down for nursery school.

down to do sth

▪ I've got you down to do the table decorations.

13.) ¦(TO LATER TIMES)¦

from an earlier time in history to a later time or to people who are born in later times

▪ a person whose words and actions have inspired millions of people down the centuries

▪ This knowledge was handed down in the family from father to son.

▪ The story has been passed down the generations for a thousand years.

down to

▪ traditions that have come down to us from medieval times

14.) ¦(PAID IMMEDIATELY)¦

paid to someone immediately

▪ A top quality freezer for only £20 down and £5 a week for a year.

15.) ¦(EVERY PART)¦

from top to bottom

▪ I want you to wash my car down.

16.) ¦(SWALLOWED)¦

in or into your stomach as a result of swallowing

▪ Meg's been very ill and can't keep her food down.

▪ He gulped down the coffee.

17.) ¦(SAD)¦

unhappy or sad

▪ Andy's been feeling down lately.

18.) ¦(COMPUTER)¦

if a computer is down, it is not working

≠ ↑up

19.) be down to sb

if an action or decision is down to you, it is your responsibility

▪ It's down to me to make sure that everyone is happy.

→be up to sb at ↑up¹ (19b)

20.) be down to sb/sth

to be the result of one person's actions or one particular thing

▪ Chris's success is all down to him.

21.) be down to your last pound/dollar/litre etc

to be left with only a small amount of something

▪ We're down to our last five dollars.

22.) down to sth/sb

including everything or everyone, even the smallest thing or the least important person

▪ Everyone uses the cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy.

▪ The plans were all complete down to the last detail.

23.) be/go down with sth

to have a particular illness

▪ Jane's gone down with flu.

24.) Down with sb/sth

spoken used to say that you strongly oppose a government, leader etc and want them to lose their power

▪ Down with the government!

25.) be down on sb/sth informal

to have a severe attitude towards someone or something, especially when this is unfair

▪ Why is Mark so down on her at the moment?

26.) ¦(LEAVING UNIVERSITY)¦

BrE used to say that someone leaves or has left a university at the end of a period of study

down from

▪ Sarah came down from Oxford in 1966.

27.) ¦(COMPLETED)¦

already done or completed

▪ Well, you've passed your second test, so it's two down and four more to go.

28.) down under informal

in or to Australia or New Zealand

29.) Down!

spoken used to tell a jumping dog to get down

30.) be down with sb

spoken informal to be friends with someone

→be down on your luck at ↑luck¹ (17)

down ²

down² v [T]

[Sense: 1-2; Date: 1300-1400; : Old Norse; Origin: dúnn]

[Sense: 3, 5; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: DOWN²]

[Sense: 4; Origin: Old English dun 'hill']

1.) to drink or eat something quickly

▪ He downed the coffee in one gulp.

2.) to knock or force someone to the ground

▪ O'Malley downed his opponent in the first round.

3.) down tools

BrE to stop working, especially because you are taking part in a ↑strike (=protest about pay or conditions by stopping work)

down ³

down³ n

1.) [U]

soft hair like a baby's

2.) [U]

the soft fine feathers of a bird

3.)

one of the four chances that an American football team has to move forward when it is their turn to have the ball

4.) the downs

low round hills covered with grass, as in the south of England

5.) have a down on sb

BrE informal to dislike or have a bad opinion of someone

▪ For some reason, Malcolm had a down on the whole teaching profession.

→ups and downs at ↑up² (1)